Metal bioavailability in marine sediments measured by chemical extraction and enzymatic mobilization |
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Authors: | Carmela Ianni Antonello Bignasca Emanuele Magi Paola Rivaro |
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Institution: | Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy |
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Abstract: | In this work we compared metal bioavailable fractions in marine sediments operationally measured by sequential selective extractions (in particular the labile fraction released by acetic acid) and by a biomimetic approach using a commercially available proteolytic enzyme, proteinase K, chosen because of its non-specific behaviour and because it is representative of the enzymes encountered in many deposit-feeding organisms. Different experimental conditions for enzymatic extraction were investigated and the enzyme was employed both untreated and thermally denatured to study metal release mechanisms (i.e. enzymatic hydrolysis and/or complexation). Extractable protein content was also measured to verify possible correlations with some metals.Considering the two sediments used in this work, the available fraction evaluated with a biomimetic approach was often significantly lower than the fraction released by the first step of selective extractions, as expected. Moreover a good correlation was found between the fraction of metal available to the enzyme and enrichment factors in the gut fluids of deposit-feeding organisms, suggesting that enzymatic approach is qualitatively more reliable than chemical extraction in replicating the mechanism of metal mobilization that occurs in the guts of deposit-feeders. |
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Keywords: | Sediment Metals Bioavailability Speciation Enzymatic hydrolysis |
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