钨球侵彻防弹衣加红松木复合靶的研究

为研究钨球对防弹衣加人体等效靶的侵彻性能，利用12.7 mm弹道枪对钨球侵彻三级软体防弹衣加25 mm厚红松靶开展了实验研究；在此基础上，利用LS-DYNA3D软件对侵彻过程及破坏机理进行了分析，并研究了钨球质量变化对弹道极限及靶板能量吸收的影响；依据量纲分析建立了钨球侵彻防弹衣加红松木复合靶的穿靶能量公式，推导了钨球的弹道极限公式。研究结果表明:0.17、0.21、0.44 g的小钨球侵彻防弹衣加红松木复合靶的弹道极限分别为742.3、692.9、570.1 m/s；侵彻过程中，防弹衣以基体开裂、纤维断裂和拉伸分层破坏为主，纤维层面内出现类似“十”字型的损伤，松木靶以剪切和冲塞剥落破坏为主；随着钨球质量的增加，弹道极限呈幂函数形式降低，靶板的能量吸收率逐渐降低；钨球穿靶能量公式及弹道极限公式的计算结果与实验结果吻合良好，可分别用于计算不同侵彻速度下的穿靶能量和不同质量钨球的弹道极限。

Investigation on tungsten spheres penetrating into pine target covered with body armor

It is one of the future development directions to use small tungsten alloy spherical fragments in individual warhead. In order to investigation the penetration performance of small tungsten spheres against human simulation target covered with body armor, taking a 25 mm thick pine target of common international standards as the human simulation target, the experiment of small tungsten spheres penetrating into 25 mm thick pine target covered with third level body armor was carried out by a 12.7 mm ballistic gun. On this basis, the experiment was simulated by LS-DYNA3D software where the penetration process and failure mechanism were analyzed, and the influence of the mass change of tungsten spheres on energy absorption of target and ballistic limit were studied. According to dimensional analysis, energy formula of tungsten spheres penetrating into pine target covered with body armor was established, and the ballistic limit formula of tungsten spheres was deduced. The investigation results show that the ballistic limits of small tungsten spheres with the mass of 0.17, 0.21 and 0.44 g penetrating into the pine target covered with body armor are 742.3, 692.9 and 570.1 m/s, respectively. In the process of penetration, matrix crack, fiber breakage and tensile delamination are the main failure modes of body armor, and the damage similar to the "cross" shape appears on the fiber layer. However, the failure modes of pine target are mainly shear and plug spalling. The ballistic limit of tungsten sphere tends to decrease in the form of power function and energy absorption efficiency of target decreases gradually when the mass of tungsten sphere is increased. The calculated values of energy formula and ballistic limit formula of tungsten spheres penetrating into target are in good agreement with the experimental values, which can be used to calculate the energy of penetrating into target at different initial velocities and the ballistic limit of tungsten spheres with different mass.