Flammability studies of impregnated paper sheets |
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| Authors: | Ivan Šimkovic Robert H White Anne M Fuller |
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| Institution: | (1) Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia;(2) Forest Products Laboratory, United States Forest Service, Madison, WI, USA |
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| Abstract: | Paper sheets impregnated with flame retardants made from agricultural residues and other additives were studied with the cone
calorimeter. The use of sugar beet ethanol eluent (SBE), CaCl2, and ZnCl2 lowered the peak rate of heat release (PRHR) the most in comparison to water treated material. The average effective heat
of combustion (AEHC) was lowered by most of our treatments with the exception of BMIC (butylmethylimidazolium chloride)/starch
(BMS). The average mass loss rate was lowered by all the treatments, but the most by the use of ZnCl2 and CaCl2 treatments. Mass losses were the least with SBE, CaCl2/NaOH/starch, and CaCl2/NaOH treatments. The BMS sample exhibited the greatest total heat release while SBE samples gave the smallest value of the
parameter. The flame retarding effect of SBE was ascribed to the presence of ferulates which prevented the formation of volatile
products by condensing into polycyclic aromatic residue. |
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