Relationship between the Auger parameter and the ground state valence charge at the core-ionized site

A simple semi-empirical model that correlates the Auger parameter to the ground state valence charge of the core-ionized atom with closed valence shell configuration, and which was previously applied to Cu(I) (3d¹⁰) compounds, is extended to Ba (II) (5d¹⁰), Pb (II) (5d¹⁰4s²), and Zn (II) (3d¹⁰) compounds (halides and chalcogenides). Until now, the Auger parameter was employed to separate initial and final state effects that influence the core electron binding energy. In agreement with our model, a linear relationship is found between the Auger parameter shift and the ground state Bader valence charge obtained by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.