石墨烯的功能化及其在储能材料领域中的应用

石墨烯是由sp~2杂化的碳原子紧密堆积成的单原子层二维碳材料,由于其优异的物理和化学性质被视为最有前景的新型材料之一。但由于石墨烯片层之间在范德华力的作用下易发生不可逆团聚,丧失其单层二维纳米片的结构特性,以及石墨烯表面呈现惰性状态,致使其与其他介质的相互作用较弱,难以均匀分散在极性或非极性的溶剂中,因而石墨烯的应用受到限制。对石墨烯进行功能化可以调控其分子结构、电子能级和化学性质,不仅可以有效抑制石墨烯的团聚而且能够改善其在溶剂中的分散性和稳定性,从而实现石墨烯基材料的多元化应用。本文综述了近年来共价键和非共价键功能化石墨烯以及其复合材料在储能领域的研究进展,并对功能化石墨烯的发展前景进行了展望。

The Functionalization of Graphene and Their Applications in the Field of Energy Storage Materials

Graphene is a two-dimensional material that is compactly packed with sp2 hybridized carbon atoms and is considered as one of the most promising new materials due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. However, because of the irreversible agglomeration tendency of the graphene sheets, the structural properties of the monolayer nanosheets are disappeared easily. Moreover, the surface of the graphene is in an inert state, resulting in weak interaction with other media, making it difficult to disperse uniformly in a polar or non-polar solvent, so the application of graphene is limited. The functionalization of graphene can control its molecular structure, electronic energy level and chemical properties, which can not only inhibit the agglomeration of graphene effectively, but also improve its dispersibility and stability in the solvent, achieving the diversification of graphene-based materials. In this paper, the progress in functionalized of graphene and its composites in application as energy storage materials are reviewed, and the development prospect of functionalized graphene is prospected as well.