球状多孔Pd纳米粒子超结构的合成及其对甲酸的电催化氧化

在丙酮／水混合溶剂中，以氯代十六烷基吡啶为结构导向剂，水合肼还原PdCl42-，制得了直径范围在30～50nm之间的球状多孔Pd纳米粒子超结构．实验表明，氯代十六烷基吡啶对球状多孔Pd纳米粒子超结构的形成起着重要的作用，不加该表面活性剂时，得到的是实心Pd纳米粒子；而丙酮主要影响表面活性剂胶束的尺寸．此外，本文还研究了球状多孔Pd纳米粒子超结构对甲酸氧化的电催化活性，在0．5mol／L H2SO4＋0．5mol／L HCOOH溶液中的循环伏安结果表明，球状多孔Pd纳米粒子超结构修饰电极在酸性溶液中电催化氧化甲酸的峰电流约为180mA／mg，明显优于实心Pd纳米粒子修饰电极（峰电流为120mA／mg），且表现出较高的稳定性．

Synthesis of spherical porous Pd nanoparticle superstructure and its catalytic oxidation of formic acid

Spherical porous Pd nanoparticle superstructures with the diameter in the range of 30-50 nm were obtained by the reaction of PdCl42- with hydrazine using hexadecylpyridinium chloride as a structure-directing agent in the mixed acetone/water solution. It was found that hexadecylpyridinium chloride had significant influence on the formation of the spherical porous Pd nanoparticle superstructure. Only solid spherical structure was formed in the absence of the surfactant. In addition, acetone had an effect on the size of the micelles modified. The electrocatalytic activity of the spherical porous Pd nanoparticle superstructure electrode for the formic acid oxidation in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4＋0.5 mol/L HCOOH was also investigated. The results displayed that electrocatalytic activit？T and stability of the spherical porous Pd nanoparticle superstructure catalyst were better than that of the solid Pd catalyst.