Theoretical study of the influence of cation vacancies on the catalytic properties of vanadium antimonate

We have theoretically studied the influence of antimony and vanadium cation vacancies in the electronic structure and reactivity of vanadium antimonate, using molecular orbital methods. From the analysis of the electronic properties of the VSbO₄ crystal structure, we can infer that both antimony and vanadium vacancies increase the oxidation state of closer V cations. This would indicate that, in the rutile-type VSbO₄ phase the Sb and V cations defects stabilize the V in a higher oxidation state (V⁴⁺). Calculations of the adsorption energy for different toluene adsorption geometries on the VSbO₄(1 1 0) surface have also been performed. The oxidation state of Sb, V and O atoms and the overlap population of metal-oxygen bonds have been evaluated. Our results indicate that the cation defects influence in the toluene adsorption reactions is slight. We have computed different alternatives for the reoxidation of the VSbO₄(1 1 0) surface active sites which were reduced during the oxygenated products formation. These calculations indicate that the V cations in higher oxidation state (V⁴⁺) are the species, which preferentially incorporate lattice oxygen to the reduced Sb cations. Thus, the cation defects would stabilize the V⁴⁺ species in the VSbO₄ structure, determining its ability to provide lattice oxygen as a reactant.