浙中地区生态系统服务时空特征及其权衡/协同关系研究

基于浙中地区遥感、土壤、气象、数字高程模型(DEM)等多源数据, 采用InVEST模型定量评估研究区1980年、1990年、2000年、2010年、2020年5期的产水量、碳储量、土壤保持3种关键生态系统服务的时空特征, 使用相关性分析与生态系统服务权衡协同度模型(ESTD), 探析生态系统服务之间的权衡/协同关系. 结果表明: (1)40年间, 浙中地区耕地、草地、未利用土地面积趋于下降, 林地、水域、城乡、工矿居民用地面积趋于增加. (2)浙中地区生态系统服务多年间波动趋势各异, 产水量空间上的高值区集中在中部, 碳储量与土壤保持空间上的高值区主要在周边. (3)林地、草地的碳储能力和土壤保持能力较强, 未利用土地、城乡、工矿居民用地的产水能力较强. (4)在空间区域上, 浙中地区产水量与其他2项生态系统服务主要呈现负相关关 系, 土壤保持与碳储量主要呈现正相关关系. (5)在时间跨度上, 产水量与碳储量、土壤保持与碳储量在40年间的变化主要呈现权衡关系, 土壤保持与产水量在40年间的变化主要呈现协同关 系. 充分考虑生态系统服务之间的权衡关系, 更有可能达成人与自然的双赢.

Study on spatio-temporal characteristics of ecosystem services and trade-offs cum synergies in central Zhejiang

Based on remote sensing, soil, meteorology, DEM and other multi-source data in central Zhejiang, the study uses InVEST model to quantitatively evaluate the spatial-temporal characteristics of three key ecosystem services including water yield, carbon storage and soil conservation in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. The correlation analysis and ecosystem services trade-off synergies degree model are used to analyze the trade-offs and synergies relationship between ecosystem services. The results show that: (1) Within the 40-year period, the area of cultivated land, grassland and unused land in central Zhejiang tended to decrease, while the clearings of forest land, waters, urban construction and rural housing land were inclined to increase. (2) The fluctuation pattern of ecosystem services in central Zhejiang was varying with years. Spatially, the high value area of water yield was concentrated on the middle area, the high value area of carbon storage and soil conservation was mainly scattered around. (3) The carbon storage capacity and soil conservation capacity of forest land and grassland were strong, and the water yield capacity of unused land, urban construction and rural housing land was also strong. (4) In the spatial region, water yield was in most cases negatively correlated with the other two ecosystem services in central Zhejiang, and soil conservation was mainly positively correlated with carbon storage. (5) In time span, water yield and carbon storage, soil conservation and carbon storage mainly showed trade-offs in 40-year timeslot, soil conservation and water yield mainly showed synergies over 40 years. By fully considering the trade-offs between ecosystem services, it is more likely to achieve a win-win situation between human and nature.