Reactivity and synthesis inspired by the Zincke ring-opening of pyridines |
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Authors: | Vanderwal Christopher D |
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Institution: | 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA. cdv@uci.edu |
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Abstract: | The century-old Zincke process for ring-opening of pyridinium salts produces 5-amino-2,4-pentadienals, a type of donor-acceptor dienes known as Zincke aldehydes. Inspired by this reasonably general and often efficient process for dearomatization, my laboratory has used pyridines as a starting point for heterocycle synthesis, which resulted in unusual syntheses of indoles, pyrrolines, and a formal synthesis of the natural product porothramycin A. Furthermore, our study of the reactivity of Zincke aldehydes has led to accidental discoveries of pericyclic cascade reactions that produce Z-α,β-unsaturated amides or polycyclic lactams, depending upon the identity of the substituents on nitrogen. Finally, a base-mediated formal cycloaddition reaction of tryptamine-derived Zincke aldehydes has served as the key step in concise syntheses of the indole alkaloids norfluorocurarine and strychnine. |
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