活泼氢的核磁共振氢谱

核磁共振氢谱是有机化合物结构表征中最常使用的波谱方法之一,提供了有机化合物质子的化学位移、积分面积和耦合裂分等信息。常见的活泼氢是与氧、氮和硫共价相连的氢原子,存在着快速交换机制,与碳上的氢有显著的差异。在不同条件下活泼氢化学位移不固定、峰形多变并且耦合裂分情况复杂。本文探讨了如何通过核磁共振氢谱解析活泼氢,培养学生对谱图进行观察、分析以及结构推导的能力。

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Active Hydrogen

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is one of the most commonly used spectral methods for the characterization of organic compounds. It provides proton information on chemical shifts, integral areas, and coupling splits of organic compounds. The common active hydrogen is a hydrogen atom covalently linked to oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. There is rapid active proton exchange which makes significant difference from other carbon-linked hydrogen. Under different conditions, the chemical shift of active hydrogen is not fixed, the peak shape is variable and the coupling split is complicated. In order to cultivate students' practical ability on observing, analyzing and structure characterizing, active hydrogen identification by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was discussed in the article.