Sonochemical processes for the degradation of antibiotics in aqueous solutions: A review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, Turin 10125, Italy;2. Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-1, V-71, Leninsky Prospekt 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia;3. World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya ul, Moscow, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Antibiotic residues in water are general health and environmental risks due to the antibiotic-resistance phenomenon. Sonication has been included among the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) used to remove recalcitrant contaminants in aquatic environments. Sonochemical processes have shown substantial advantages, including cleanliness, safety, energy savings and either negligible or no secondary pollution. This review provides a wide overview of the different protocols and degradation mechanisms for antibiotics that either use sonication alone or in hybrid processes, such as sonication with catalysts, Fenton and Fenton-like processes, photolysis, ozonation, etc. |
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| Keywords: | Antibiotic degradation Sonication Sonocatalysis Sono/Fenton Sonophotocatalysis Sonozonation |
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