Spontaneous chemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen in nanobubbles |
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| Affiliation: | 1. KB Corporation, 7500A Beach Road, 199591, Singapore;2. Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia;3. Department for Soft Matter, Institute for Physics, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany;1. Yaroslavl Branch of the Institute of Physics and Technology RAS, 150007, Universitetskaya 21, Yaroslavl, Russia;2. P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya 14, 150000 Yaroslavl, Russia;3. Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen – Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;1. Valiev Institute of Physics and Technology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yaroslavl Branch, Universitetskaya 21, 150007 Yaroslavl, Russia;2. Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, University of Twente, PO 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands;3. A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciencies, Leninsky prospect 31 bld. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Bulk nanobubbles (NBs) generated electrochemically by short voltage pulses of alternating polarity behave differently from those produced by regular methods. Only bubbles smaller than 200 nm are formed in the process, and their concentration is very high. Moreover, the bubbles containing both H2 and O2 gases disappear fast via the combustion reaction, although the reaction in such a small volume cannot happen according to the classical combustion theory. Experimental facts about these unusual NBs are reviewed, and current understanding of the observed phenomena is provided. Visualization methods of a cloud of NBs above the electrodes are briefly discussed. Experimental signatures demonstrating the reaction between the gases in NBs are considered. A surface-assisted mechanism proposed for the combustion reactions in restricted volumes with a high surface-to-volume ratio is discussed. It is explained how the same mechanism is able to describe the explosion of microbubbles that is observed at special conditions. |
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| Keywords: | Nanobubbles Alternating polarity electrolysis Surface-assisted reactions Spontaneous combustion |
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