Advances in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy |
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| Institution: | 1. CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kochi, 682 018, Kerala, India;2. Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;3. Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;1. Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal;2. Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal;1. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;2. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;3. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA;1. CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kerala 682 018, India;2. Cochin University of Science and Technology, School of Marine Sciences, Kerala 682 016, India;3. Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;4. Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;1. Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil;2. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil;3. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil;4. Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil;1. Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento – IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba – UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil;2. Anhanguera Educacional, Av. Doutor João Batista de Souza Soares, 4009 – Jardim Morumbi, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil;3. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Rua Arcturus, 03, Bloco Delta, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) combine light and photosensitizers to treat cancers and microbial infections, respectively. In PACT, the excitation of a photosensitizer drug with appropriate light generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that kill pathogens in the proximity of the drug. PACT has considerably advanced with new light sources, biocompatible photosensitizers, bioconjugate methods, and efficient ROS production. The PACT technology has evolved to compete with or replace antibiotics, reducing the burden of antibiotic resistance. This review updates recent advances in PACT, with special references to light sources, photosensitizers, and emerging applications to microbial infestations. We also discuss PACT applied to COVID-19 causing SARS-CoV-2 treatment and disinfecting food materials and water. Finally, we discuss the pathogen selectivity and efficiency of PACT. |
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| Keywords: | PACT Photodynamic therapy Antimicrobial Bacteria Fungus COVID-19 |
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