Spatiotemporal organization of coacervate microdroplets |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China;2. Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China;1. Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;2. James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;3. Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;4. Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;5. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;6. Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;7. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois |
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| Abstract: | Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a new paradigm in the fields of soft matter, colloid chemistry, prebiotic chemistry, and cell biology. As phase separation is a dynamic assembly process, how to spatiotemporally regulate the assembly and disassembly of these micrometre-sized droplets, which are referred as biomolecular condensates in biology is essential for their diverse applications in various disciplines. Herein, we discuss recent advances in the spatiotemporal control of phase separation using different physical tools and external environmental stimuli in bulk solutions and living cells. Specifically, the exploration of phase transition in a compartmentalized protocellular system, which can bridge the gap between synthetic and intracellular LLPS systems, is summarized, and the challenges and future research directions are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Spatiotemporal organization Coacervate microdroplet Biomolecular condensate Membraneless organelles Liquid–liquid phase separation |
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