The analysis of seasonal air pollution pattern with application of neural networks

Air pollution monitoring includes measuring the concentrations of air contaminants such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), suspended particulate matter (PM) and tar substances. The purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of using artificial neural networks for identification of any patterns occurring during heating and nonheating seasons. The samples included in the study were collected over a period of 5 years (1997–2001) in the area of the city of Gdansk and the levels of pollutants measured in the samples collected were used as inputs to two different types of neural networks: multilayer perceptron (MLP) and self-organizing map (SOM). The MLP was used as a tool to predict in what heating season a certain sample was collected, and the SOM was applied for mapping all samples to recognize any similarities between them. This study also presents the comparison between two projection methods—linear (principal component analysis, PCA) and nonlinear (SOM)—in extracting valuable information from multidimensional environmental data. In the research the MLP model with 13-12-1 topology was developed and successfully trained for classification of air samples from different seasons. The sensitivity analysis on the inputs to the MLP indicated benzα]anthracene, benzoα]pyrene, PM₁, SO₂, tar substances and PM₁₀ as the most distinctive variables, while PCA pointed to PAHs and PM₁.