Determination of marine biotoxins relevant for regulations: from the mouse bioassay to coupled LC-MS methods |
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Authors: | Bernd Christian Bernd Luckas |
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Institution: | (1) Institute for Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany |
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Abstract: | The frequency of occurrence and intensity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) appear to be increasing on a global scale. Consequently,
methods were established for the evaluation of possible hazards caused by the enrichment of algal toxins in the marine food
chain. Different clinical types of algae-related poisoning have attracted scientific attention: paralytic shellfish poisoning
(PSP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), and amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). In several countries fish specialties
are consumed which may be contaminated with algal toxins typical for the respective region (e.g., ciguatera and tetrodotoxins).
Bioassays are common methods for the determination of marine biotoxins. However, biological tests are not completely satisfactory,
due to the low sensitivity and the absence of specialized variations. Moreover, there is growing resistance against the use
of animal experiments. Therefore, many efforts have been made to determine algal toxins with chemical methods. In this context
LC-MS methods replaced HPLC methods with optical detectors, allowing both effective seafood control and monitoring of phytoplankton
in terms of the different groups of marine biotoxins. |
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Keywords: | Marine biotoxins LC-MS/MS PSP toxins DSP toxins Domoic acid Tetrodotoxins Ciguatera |
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