Affiliation: | a Mechanics and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1 b General Motors Research and Development Center, 3500 Mound Rd. Warren, MI 48090-9055, USA c Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen’s University, 60 Union Street, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6 |