Thermal analysis of Romanian ancient ceramics |
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Authors: | Rodica-Mariana Ion Mihaela-Lucia Ion Radu Claudiu Fierascu Sever Serban Irina Dumitriu Constantin Radovici Ionel Bauman Stelian Cosulet Valentin Ioan Remus Niculescu |
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Institution: | (1) Valahia University, Targoviste, Romania;(2) ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania;(3) Art History Faculty, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania;(4) Regional History Museum Brasov, Brasov, Romania;(5) INFLPR, Magurele, Bucuresti, Romania; |
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Abstract: | The present work is focused on thermoanalytical investigations as thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and derivative thermal analysis
(DTG), applied for the characterization of some samples collected from archaeological sites (Brasov and Trofeum Traiani) located
in different regions of Romania. New informations derived about ceramic technologies concerning raw materials and binding
materials (mineralogical components) have been obtained. All these experimental results have been correlated with related
techniques as X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and inductively coupled plasma—atomic
emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). By progressive heating in static air atmosphere and in the temperature range of 20–800 °C,
all investigated materials exhibit three main successive processes, associated with the dehydration and thermo-oxidative degradations.
The rate of the first thermooxidative process, temperatures corresponding to the maximum rate of the second thermooxidative
process and shrinkage temperature were associated with the damage of the investigated materials due to environmental impact.
Heating also affects the contact between the fine-sized clay matrix and mineral clast fragments, appearing in reaction rims,
sometimes showing newly formed phases. The temperature at which ancient ceramics and pottery were fired varies over a wide
range (600–800 °C) depending on the type of clay used, although firing temperatures not above 30–400 °C have also been suggested.
Clay minerals, as the main material for production of ceramics and pottery, show some characteristic reactions (dehydroxylation,
decomposition, transformation) in the course of firing (heating effects) and several thermoanalytical criteria can be used
for reconstruction of former production conditions. |
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