基于光纤粗锥型马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的高灵敏度温度传感器的研制

光纤传感是现代光纤技术的重要应用之一。制作了一种基于两个单模光纤粗锥串接的全光纤型马赫-曾德尔高温高灵敏温度传感器。纤芯中传输的光通过第一个光纤锥耦合, 一部分进入纤芯传输，另一部分进入包层形成包层模，纤芯模和包层模具有不同的有效折射率，经过干涉臂的传输产生了光程差。纤芯和包层传输的光再经过第二个光纤锥耦合，形成干涉进入输出光纤传输。对不同长度的传感器进行实验研究，得出传感臂长度与干涉周期之间的关系。研究了传感器温度响应特性，给出了温度响应灵敏度。实验结果表明，在30～400 ℃温度范围内，长度为35 mm的传感器可以得到较高的温度响应灵敏度，其响应灵敏度为0.115 nm·℃-1。利用傅里叶变换对传感器透射谱进行了分析，可以确定在长度为35 mm的传感器中仅有基模LP₀₁和高阶模LP₀₈两种模式，透射谱就是由这两种模式干涉形成的。该传感器体积小、精度高、抗电磁干扰，具有易于制作、对比度大、质轻、灵敏度高、耐高温等优点。可用于高温气体温度测量及油气井测井等领域的高灵敏度温度传感测量。

Research on High Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based on Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Waist-Enlarged Fiber Bitapers

Optical fiber sensing technology is one of the very promising techniques in sensing fields. A high sensitivity high temperature sensor based on inline optical fiber Mach-Zehnder(M-Z) interferometer by using standard single mode fiber with two waist-enlarged bitapers is proposed in the present paper. The waist-enlarged bitapers are considered as couplers, the distance between the two bitapers is the sensing arm. The light in the lead-in fiber core couples into the sensing arms’ fiber core and cladding by the first bitaper, and then propagate in them. The phase difference between core mode and cladding mode is produced when the light reaches the second bitaper. Then the second bitaper couples the light into the lead-out single-mode fiber to get the interference spectrum. The sensors with different length were fabricated. The relationship between the sensor length and interference period, and the temperature response of the sensor were studied by experiments. The results show that the 35 mm long sensor has a high sensitivity of 0.115 nm·℃-1 in the range of 30～400 ℃. The transmission spectrum of the sensor was also analyzed by the fast Fourier transform. It shows that only LP₀₁ mode and LP08 mode propagate in the sensor. The sensor has advantages of small size, high precision, and immunity to electromagnetic inteference. In addition, it is of easy fabrication, high signal-to-noise ratio, light weight, and high sensitivity, and could be operated under high temperature. This kind of sensor is a good candidate for high temperature measurement of hot gas, oil and gas well logging and other areas.