First‐principles X‐ray absorption dose calculation for time‐dependent mass and optical density |
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Authors: | Viatcheslav Berejnov Boris Rubinstein Lis G. A. Melo Adam P. Hitchcock |
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Affiliation: | 1. Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation Corporation, 9000 Glenlyon Parkway, Burnaby, BC, CanadaV5J 5J8;2. Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO64110, USA;3. Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, CanadaL8S 4M1;4. Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, CanadaL8S 4M1 |
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Abstract: | A dose integral of time‐dependent X‐ray absorption under conditions of variable photon energy and changing sample mass is derived from first principles starting with the Beer–Lambert (BL) absorption model. For a given photon energy the BL dose integral D(e, t) reduces to the product of an effective time integral T(t) and a dose rate R(e). Two approximations of the time‐dependent optical density, i.e. exponential A(t) = c + aexp(?bt) for first‐order kinetics and hyperbolic A(t) = c + a/(b + t) for second‐order kinetics, were considered for BL dose evaluation. For both models three methods of evaluating the effective time integral are considered: analytical integration, approximation by a function, and calculation of the asymptotic behaviour at large times. Data for poly(methyl methacrylate) and perfluorosulfonic acid polymers measured by scanning transmission soft X‐ray microscopy were used to test the BL dose calculation. It was found that a previous method to calculate time‐dependent dose underestimates the dose in mass loss situations, depending on the applied exposure time. All these methods here show that the BL dose is proportional to the exposure time D(e, t) ? K(e)t. |
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Keywords: | X‐ray absorption dose integral STXM radiation damage |
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