基于激光的光谱辐射定标

随着地面遥感、航空与航天遥感、等离子体物理、定量光谱学等研究的发展，对光谱辐射定标精度提出了越来越高的要求，推动了基于可调谐激光的光谱辐射定标新型技术的发展。国际上英国、美国、德国等国家的计量科研机构相继建立了溯源于低温辐射计、低不确定度的基于可调谐激光的光谱辐射定标装置，用于探测器、遥感仪器光谱响应度定标和特性研究。其中美国国家标准技术研究院(NIST)的均匀光源光谱辐照度和辐亮度响应度定标装置(SIRCUS)和德国物理技术研究院(PTB)的光度学可调谐激光装置(TULIP)最具代表性。相对于灯-单色仪系统，在辐射定标应用中，基于激光的光谱辐射定标具有光谱带宽窄、波长精度高、定标不确定度低等众多优点。本文介绍了基于激光的光谱辐射定标的发展状况和以英国国家物理实验室(NPL)、NIST和PTB为代表的基于激光的辐射定标装置结构与性能，分析了基于激光的光谱辐射定标技术优势，并进一步阐述了此技术的应用。基于激光的光谱辐射定标装置可广泛应用于重要的高精度系统级辐射定标测量，包括亮度温度、空间遥感仪器辐照度和辐亮度定标，推动航空航天、大气物理、光谱学、生物科学等科研、工业领域的发展。

Laser-Based Radiometric Calibration

Increasingly higher demands are put forward to spectral radiometric calibration accuracy and the development of new tunable laser based spectral radiometric calibration technology is promoted, along with the development of studies of terrestrial remote sensing, aeronautical and astronautical remote sensing, plasma physics, quantitative spectroscopy, etc. Internationally a number of national metrology scientific research institutes have built tunable laser based spectral radiometric calibration facilities in succession, which are traceable to cryogenic radiometers and have low uncertainties for spectral responsivity calibration and characterization of detectors and remote sensing instruments in the UK, the USA, Germany, etc. Among them, the facility for spectral irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations using uniform sources (SIRCCUS) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the USA and the Tunable Lasers in Photometry (TULIP) facility at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Germany have more representatives. Compared with lamp-monochromator systems, laser based spectral radiometric calibrations have many advantages, such as narrow spectral bandwidth, high wavelength accuracy, low calibration uncertainty and so on for radiometric calibration applications. In this paper, the development of laser-based spectral radiometric calibration and structures and performances of laser-based radiometric calibration facilities represented by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in the UK, NIST and PTB are presented, technical advantages of laser-based spectral radiometric calibration are analyzed, and applications of this technology are further discussed. Laser-based spectral radiometric calibration facilities can be widely used in important system-level radiometric calibration measurements with high accuracy, including radiance temperature, radiance and irradiance calibrations for space remote sensing instruments, and promote the development of aerospace, atmospheric physics, spectroscopy, biological science and so on in the fields of research and industry.