核桃果皮基活性炭的氯化锌活化制备及工艺优化

以核桃果皮为原料，以氯化锌为活化剂，采用正交设计，马弗炉加热法制备了核桃果皮基活性炭，并对所得活性炭进行表征，测定了不同实验条件下制备的核桃果皮基活性炭的得率、比表面积和碘吸附值，对最优条件下制备的活性炭进行了孔径分析、红外光谱分析，Boehm法测定其表面酸性基团含量等。实验结果表明：以氯化锌为活化剂制备核桃果皮基活性炭的最佳工艺参数分别为：活化温度600 ℃，活化时间1 h，氯化锌浓度50%，粒径大小为60目。最优条件下制备的活性炭比表面积达到1 258.05 m2·g-1，中孔率为32.18%，说明核桃果皮可以制备出比表面积高的优质活性炭，不但实现了农业废料的资源化，还解决了农业废料污染的问题，同时提供了廉价的吸附剂，对于开辟活性炭原料的新来源具有重要意义。

Preparation and Optimum Process of Walnut Peel Activated Carbon by Zinc Chloride as Activating Agent

Walnut peel as raw material, zinc chloride was used as activating agent for preparation walnut peel activated carbon in the muffle furnace in this experiment, using orthogonal design. Yield，the specific surface area and iodine number of walnut peel activated carbon were determined at all designed experimental conditions and the optimum technological condition of preparation was obtained. By analysis of aperture, infrared spectra and the content of acidic group in surface with Boehm, walnut peel activated carbon of prepared at the optimum condition was characterized. The results showed the optimum technological parameters of preparation: activation temperature (600 ℃), activation time (1h), the concentration of zinc chloride (50%), the particle size( 60 mesh). The specific surface area of walnut peel activated carbon obtained at optimum condition was mounting to 1 258.05 m2·g-1 , the ratio of medium porous 32.18%. Therefore, walnut peel can be used in the preparation of the high-quality activated carbon of large surface area. Agricultural wastes, as walnut peel, not only were implemented recycle, but also didn’t make any pollution. Meanwhile, a cheap adsorbent was provided and it was of great significance to open a new source of activated carbon.