中温固体氧化物燃料电池优势和挑战的简要评述

燃料电池是一种将燃料的化学能直接转化为电能的电化学发电装置. 在各种类型的燃料电池中，固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）在600~800 ^oC的中温区运行，因此与质子交换膜燃料电池等低温燃料电池相比，它的燃料选择范围更广，具有更广泛的应用前景. 然而，SOFC的商业应用面临着两大挑战：成本和稳定性. 这两种挑战与阳极、阴极、电解质、连接体和密封材料等组件的加工、制备、性能、化学和微结构稳定性密切相关. 电池堆的导管连接材料也需要经过仔细地筛选，以最大限度地降低有毒害的挥发性成分，从而确保电池结构的稳定和完整. 本文旨在简要评述SOFC的材料和组分的研究现状，并提出展望. 本文也对新一代SOFC技术面临的机遇和挑战进行了探讨.

Advances and Challenges of Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Concise Review

Fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device to directly convert the chemical energy of fuels to electricity. Among all types of fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating at intermediate temperatures of 600~800 ^oC offer an attractive option that is much more fuel flexible than low temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and is suitable for a wide range of applications. However, two main challenges remain towards the commercial viability and acceptance of the SOFC technologies: the cost and durability. Both are critically dependent on the process, fabrication, performance, chemical and microstructural stability of various cell components, including anode, cathode, electrolyte, interconnect, and seal. Manifold and balance of plant materials also need to be carefully selected to ensure the structural stability and integrity with minimum volatile species. This article aims at providing a concise review and outlook of materials and components that have studied for SOFCs. The opportunities and challenges for the new generation of SOFCs technologies are briefly discussed.