Continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled to a flow injection-flame atomic absorption spectrometric system for calcium determination in seafood samples |
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Authors: | A?Moreno-Cid Email author" target="_blank">M?C?YebraEmail author |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain |
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Abstract: | Calcium was extracted on-line from solid seafood samples by a simple and rapid continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction system. This system is connected to a flow injection manifold, which allows the on-line flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of calcium. This method enables the analysis of solid samples avoiding time-consuming traditional sample preparation methods and their inherent errors. The on-line manifold for calcium determination is the simplest possible, because a volume of 250 L of acid extract is injected into an ultrapure water carrier stream. The acid extract was diluted on-line with lanthanum, which also acts as masking agent in order to avoid chemical interferences. The continuous monitoring of the calcium signal was accomplished by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A Plackett-Burman experimental design was used for the optimisation of the continuous leaching procedure. The method allowed a total sampling frequency of 40 samples per hour, with a relative standard deviation for the complete procedure of 0.9% (for a sample containing 3414.35 mg/kg calcium (dry mass)). The limit of detection was found to be 44.4 mg/kg (dry mass) for 5 mg of sample. The analytical procedure was applied to real seafood samples. |
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Keywords: | Continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction system Flame atomic absorption spectrometry Calcium determination Seafood |
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