ETC门架数据驱动的高速公路差异化收费双层规划方法

针对传统收费导致高速公路经济效益低、运行效率差等问题，结合ETC(electronic toll collection)门架数据分析高速公路运行特点，提出一种基于双层规划的高速公路差异化定价模型。首先，获取高速公路ETC门架数据，分析交通量特点，初步确定所要实施的差异化收费方案。其次，构建双层规划模型，上层最大化高速公路经济效益，下层分析出行者出行行为并完成基于Logit模型的交通量分配。最后，以长深高速河北段为例展开实证分析，使用模拟退火算法求解出一种分车型分路段的差异化收费方案。结果表明：ETC门架数据能够充分分析高速公路的运营状态和运行特征，为精细化的高速公路差异化收费的研究提供强大的数据支撑；使用优化后的分车型分路段差异化收费方案后，高速经济利润提升32.3%,货车交通量增长42.2%,客车共增长36.8%;路段整体交通量增长38.6%,并且平行道路饱和度降低，拥挤状况得到缓解。

Two-level Programming Method for Expressway Differential Toll Collection Driven by ETC Gantry Data

Aiming at the problems of low economic efficiency and poor operation efficiency caused by traditional toll collection on highways, and combining ETC(electronic toll collection) gantry data to analyze the operation characteristics of highways, a two-level programming based differential pricing model for highways is proposed. Firstly, the ETC gantry data of the expressway was obtained, and the characteristics of the expressway traffic volume were analyzed. The differentiated charging scheme to be implemented was preliminarily determined. Secondly, a two-level programming model was constructed to maximize the economic benefits of the highway at the upper level, while the travelers'' travel behavior was analyzed at the lower level and the traffic volume allocation based on the Logit model was completed. Finally, taking the Hebei section of Changshen Expressway as an example, an empirical analysis was conducted to solve a differentiated pricing scheme based on vehicle types and sections using simulated annealing algorithm. The results show that ETC gantry data can fully analyze the operation status and characteristics of highways, providing strong data support for the study of formulating refined highway differential pricing; After using the optimized differentiated charging scheme by vehicle type and section, the economic profit of high-speed railway increased by 13.3%, the traffic volume of freight cars increased by 42.2%, and the total growth of passenger cars was 36.8%; The overall traffic volume of the road segment increased by 38.6%, and the saturation of parallel roads decreased, easing the congestion situation.