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Understanding the Discrepancies Between 31P MR Spectroscopy Assessed Liver Metabolite Concentrations from Different Institutions
Affiliation:1. Department of Radiology, Dr. Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, University Hospital Rotterdam, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,;2. Siemens Medical Systems (SMA2), Henkestrasse 127, Erlangen, D-8520, Germany;1. Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands;2. Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy;3. Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands;4. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands;5. Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy;6. Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Zuyderland Medical Centre, the Netherlands;7. Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;8. Medical Physics Unit, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy;1. Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;2. College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;3. Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Belgium;4. Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, International University of East Africa, Kampala, Uganda;5. Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic;1. Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;2. School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland;1. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin st., Moscow, 119334, Russia;2. Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, build. 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia;3. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin st., Moscow, 119991, Russia;4. Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil;5. Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia;6. Institute of Cyber Intelligence Systems, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 31 Kashirskoye shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia;1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China;2. Department of Mathematics, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China;1. Department of Oncology, Service of Dermatology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, France;2. Paris-Saclay University, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay, France;3. Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA;4. Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, a Cedars-Sinai Affiliate, 11800 Wilshire Blvd Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA;5. Department of Medicine and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 11-934 Factor bldg., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA;6. Department of Medicine, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Health, 522 First Avenue, 1310 Smilow Building, New York, NY, 10016, USA;7. Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA;8. Melanoma Center and Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA;9. Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA;10. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd South Pavilion, Flr 10, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA;11. Department of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia;12. Centenary Institute, Misendon Rd, Bldg 93, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia;13. Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, 40 Rocklands Rd, Wollstonecraft, NSW, 2065, Australia;14. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA;15. Division of Cancer Medicine, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center-Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA;p. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA;q. Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia;r. Mater Hospital, Wollstonecraft, NSW, 2065, Australia;s. Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia;t. Division of Oncology, Level 2 Cancer Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer Hospital, Emek HaEla Street 1, Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel;u. Melanoma Section Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 915 CSC Building, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA;v. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich, 8091, Switzerland;w. Department of Clinical Oncology, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA;x. Department of Medical Oncology, The Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, 12 Moris Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia;y. Blacktown Hospital, 18 Blacktown Road, Blacktown, NSW, 2148, Australia;z. Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G2C1, Canada;11. The Kinghorn Cancer Centre at St Vincent''s Hospital, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia;12. St Vincent''s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
Abstract:The high divergence between the liver metabolite concentrations and pH values reported in previous quantitative 31P magnetic resonance studies, for instance phosphomonoester (0.7–3.8 mM) and phosphodiester (3.5–9.7 mM), has not been addressed in the literature. To assess what level of discrepancy can be caused by processing and metabolite integration, in this study chemical shift imaging localized 31P magnetic resonance spectra of human liver were quantitated by three methods currently applied in clinical practice: peak areas defined manually by placement of two cursors vs. frequency domain curve fitting with the assumption of either Gaussian or Lorentzian line shapes. Large reproducible differences were found in liver metabolite peak areas but not in pH, indicating that processing and peak integration methods can only explain part of the discrepancies between the results from different institutions.
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