Helical molecular programming: supramolecular double helices by dimerization of helical oligopyridine-dicarboxamide strands

Helically preorganized oligopyridine-dicarboxamide strands are found to undergo dimerization into double helical supramolecular architectures. Dimerization of single helical strands with five or seven pyridine rings has been characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry in various solvent/ temperature conditions. Solution studies and stochastic dynamic simulations consistently show an increasing duplex stability with increasing strand length. The double helical structures of three different dimers was characterized in the solid phase by X-ray diffraction analysis. Both aromatic stacking and hydrogen bonding contribute the double helical arrangement of the oligopyridinedicarboxamide strand. Inter-strand interactions involve extensive face-to-face overlap between aromatic rings, which is not possible in the single helical monomers. Most hydrogen bonds occur within each strand of the duplex and stabilize its helical shape. Some inter-strand hydrogen bonds are found in the crystal structures. Dynamic studies by NMR as well as by molecular modeling computations yield structural and kinetic information on the double helices and on monomer-dimer interconversion. In addition, they reveal the presence of a spring-like extension/compression as well as rotational displacement motions.