The Effect of Bio-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Germination,Early Seedling Development,and Metabolome of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) |
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| Authors: | Les&#x;aw Bernard Lahuta Joanna Szabli&#x;ska-Piernik Katarzyna G&#x;owacka Karolina Sta&#x;anowska Viorica Railean-Plugaru Marcin Horbowicz Pawe&#x; Pomastowski Bogus&#x;aw Buszewski |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.S.-P.); (K.G.); (K.S.); (M.H.);2.Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (V.R.-P.); (P.P.); (B.B.);3.Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Changes in the metabolome of germinating seeds and seedlings caused by metal nanoparticles are poorly understood. In the present study, the effects of bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles ((Bio)Ag NPs) on grains germination, early seedlings development, and metabolic profiles of roots, coleoptile, and endosperm of wheat were analyzed. Grains germinated well in (Bio)Ag NPs suspensions at the concentration in the range 10–40 mg/L. However, the growth of coleoptile was inhibited by 25%, regardless of (Bio)Ag NPs concentration tested, whereas the growth of roots gradually slowed down along with the increasing concentration of (Bio)Ag NPs. The deleterious effect of Ag NPs on roots was manifested by their shortening, thickening, browning of roots tips, epidermal cell death, progression from apical meristem up to root hairs zone, and the inhibition of root hair development. (Bio)Ag NPs stimulated ROS production in roots and affected the metabolic profiles of all tissues. Roots accumulated sucrose, maltose, 1-kestose, phosphoric acid, and some amino acids (i.e., proline, aspartate/asparagine, hydroxyproline, and branched-chain amino acids). In coleoptile and endosperm, contrary to roots, the concentration of most metabolites decreased. Moreover, coleoptile accumulated galactose. Changes in the concentration of polar metabolites in seedlings revealed the affection of primary metabolism, disturbances in the mobilization of storage materials, and a translocation of sugars and amino acids from the endosperm to growing seedlings. |
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| Keywords: | wheat seedling silver nanoparticles ROS metabolic profiles |
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