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A study on the influence of ytterbium and impurities on lattice parameters and the phase transition temperature of Czochralski-grown LiNbO3 |
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| Authors: | I Dohnke B Trusch J Hulliger |
| Institution: | a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland b Institute of Crystal Growth (IKZ) Berlin, Max-Born-Str. 2, D 12489 Berlin, Germany c Bystronic Laser AG, Industriestr. 21, CH-3362 Niederönz, Switzerland |
| Abstract: | LiNbO3 crystals were grown from a congruent melt by the Czochralski method. Special care was taken with respect to purity and an analysis of impurity levels. Present crystals are as pure as 3N-4N. In particular, doping by Yb3+ was investigated. An upper limit for the inclusion of Yb3+ in LiNbO3 may be set at 2.5 mol% for a congruent melt. Present results demonstrate the complex interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic defects in LiNbO3. The variation of lattice parameters supports evidence for the Li+ vacancy model and an occupation of Li sites for Yb3+. Data on purities, laser properties and analytical methods provide a short review on a field, where analytical results gained by different techniques often may disagree. |
| Keywords: | A Optical properties |
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