Determination of gas-phase produced ethyl parathion and toluene 2,4-diisocyanate by ion mobility spectrometry, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography |
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Authors: | Marjaana Nousiainen Kaleva Peräkorpi |
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Institution: | a Laboratory of Applied Environmental Chemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, Patteristonkatu 1, FIN-50100 Mikkeli, Finland b Environics Oy, Graanintie 5, 50100 Mikkeli, Finland |
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Abstract: | Ethyl parathion and toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) vapors were generated using a vapor generation system that was designed for the evaporation of liquid samples at known flow rates. The vapor generation of parathion and 2,4-TDI posed a challenge because of their low volatility and tendency to absorb into surfaces of the vapor generation system. Experimental concentration of parathion was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 2,4-TDI was derivatized with 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine to urea derivative which concentration was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, in combination with vapor generator, aspiration IMS was used for monitoring ion mobility cell (IMCell) and semiconductor cell (SCCell) responses to parathion and 2,4-TDI vapors. The chromatographic results correlated well with the IMCell response data, showing high specificity of IMS to parathion and 2,4-TDI. The concentrations of parathion and 2,4-TDI at the detection limit of IMS were significantly lower than IDLH threshold values of parathion or 2,4-TDI, demonstrating high sensitivity of IMS to both compounds. The IMS patterns of both chemicals and the influence of humidity on IMCell and SCCell sensitivity were analyzed. |
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Keywords: | CWA chemical warfare agent DMSO dimethylsulphoxide GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometry HPLC high performance liquid chromatography IDLH immediately dangerous to life or health IMCell ion mobility cell IMS ion mobility spectrometry LCt50 lethal concentration for 50% of the population multiplied by exposure time LOD limit of detection LOQ limit of quantitation RH relative humidity SCCell semiconductor cell TBF tributyl phosphate 2 4-TDI toluene 2 4-diisocyanate TIC toxic industrial chemical |
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