Determination of phosphate/arsenate by a modified molybdenum blue method and reduction of arsenate by S2O4

A modified molybdenum blue method for fast and accurate measurement of arsenate and phosphate in aqueous solution at concentrations below 10 μmol l⁻¹ is reported. The modification consists of optimizing the composition of the molybdenum-containing solution (potassium antimony tartrate, ammonium molybdate, sulfuric acid).Selective reduction of arsenate by sodium dithionite is used to determine phosphate concentrations, and for the speciation of arsenate and arsenite, in an aqueous mixture according to the scheme developed by Johnston and Pilson. Sodium dithionite is used for the first time to achieve complete, fast (<10 min), and selective reduction of arsenate in neutral solution.These two significant improvements afforded a colorimetric limit for As detection near 1 ppb, which easily meets the requirements imposed by the revised EPA threshold levels for As in drinking water.