A permeation liquid membrane system for determination of nickel in seawater |
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Authors: | A. Aouarram,M. Garcí a-Vargas,F. El Yousfi |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain b Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, B.P. 2121 M’hannech II, 93 002 Tétouan, Morocco |
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Abstract: | The use of a permeation liquid membrane system for the preconcentration and separation of nickel in natural and sea waters and subsequent determination by atomic absorption spectroscopy is presented. 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde N-ethylthiosemi-carbazone (2-HBET) in toluene is used as the active component of the liquid membrane. A study strategy based on a simplex design has been followed. Several chemical and physical parameters were optimized. Maximum permeation coefficient was obtained at a feed solution pH of 9.4, 0.3 mol l−1 of HNO3 in the stripping solution and 1.66 mmol l−1 of 2-HBTE in toluene as carrier. The precision of the method was 4.7% at 95% significance level and a detection limit of 0.012 μg l−1 of nickel was achieved. The preconcentration procedure showed a linear response within the studied concentration range from 3 to 500 μg l−1 of Ni in the feed solution. The method was validated with different spiked synthetic seawater and certified reference water samples: TMDA-62 and LGC 6016, without matrix interferences and showing good concordance with the certified values, being the relative errors −5.9% and −2.2%, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the average preconcentration yield for real seawater samples was 98 ± 5%, with a nickel preconcentration factor of 20.83 and metal concentrations ranging between 2.8 and 5.4 μg l−1. |
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Keywords: | Bulk liquid membrane Extraction-reextraction process Seawater Determination of nickel 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde N-ethylthiosemicarbazone |
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