Energy Transfer in Dye‐Coupled Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles: From Design to Application

Surface modification with organic dye molecules is a useful strategy to manipulate the optical properties of lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles (LnNPs). It enables energy transfer between dyes and LnNPs, which provides unprecedented possibilities to gain new optical phenomena from the dye–LnNPs composite systems. This has led to a wide range of emerging applications, such as biosensing, drug delivery, gene targeting, information storage, and photon energy conversion. Herein, the mechanism of energy transfer and the structural‐dependent energy‐transfer properties in dye‐coupled LnNPs are reviewed. The design strategies for achieving effective dye–LnNP functionalization are presented. Recent advances in these composite nanomaterials in biomedicine and energy conversion applications are highlighted.