2:2 Complexes from Diphenylpyridiniums and Cucurbit[8]uril: Encapsulation‐Promoted Dimerization of Electrostatically Repulsing Pyridiniums |
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Authors: | Bo Yang Shang‐Bo Yu Prof. Hui Wang Prof. Dan‐Wei Zhang Prof. Zhan‐Ting Li |
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Affiliation: | Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Centre of, Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China |
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Abstract: | Rigid linear compounds G1 and G2 , which contained two 4‐phenylpyridinium (PhPy+) units, have been prepared to investigate their binding with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). X‐ray crystallographic structures revealed that in the solid state both compounds were included by CB[8], through antiparallel stacking, to form 2:2 quaternary complexes ( G1 )2@(CB[8])2 and ( G2 )2@(CB[8])2. For the former complex, CB[8] entrapped G1 by holding two heterodimers of its Py+ and benzyl units, which were at opposite ends of the backbone. In contrast, for the first time, the second complex disclosed parallel stacking of two cationic Py+ units of G2 in the cavity of CB[8] in the solid state, despite the generation of important electrostatic repulsion. Isothermal titrations in water afforded high apparent association constants of 4.36×106 and 6.43×106 m ?1 for 1:1 complexes G1 @CB[8] and G2 @CB[8], respectively, and 1H NMR spectroscopy experiments in D2O confirmed a similar stacking pattern to that observed in the solid state. A previous study and crystal structures of the 2:1 complexes formed between three new controls, G3–5 , and CB[8] did not display such unusual stacking of the cationic Py+ unit; this may be attributed to the multivalency of the two CB[8] encapsulation interactions. |
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Keywords: | aromatic stacking cucurbiturils electrostatic interactions host– guest systems self-assembly |
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