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Complete hyperelliptic integrals of the first kind and their non-oscillation
Authors:Lubomir Gavrilov  Iliya D Iliev
Institution:Laboratoire Emile Picard, CNRS UMR 5580, Université Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France ; Institute of Mathematics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 373, 1090 Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract:Let $P(x)$ be a real polynomial of degree $2g+1$, $H=y^2+P(x)$ and $\delta(h)$ be an oval contained in the level set $\{H=h\}$. We study complete Abelian integrals of the form

\begin{displaymath}I(h)=\int_{\delta(h)} \frac{(\alpha_0+\alpha_1 x+\ldots + \alpha_{g-1}x^{g-1})dx}{y}, h\in \Sigma, \end{displaymath}

where $\alpha_i$ are real and $\Sigma\subset \mathbb{R}$ is a maximal open interval on which a continuous family of ovals $\{\delta(h)\}$ exists. We show that the $g$-dimensional real vector space of these integrals is not Chebyshev in general: for any $g>1$, there are hyperelliptic Hamiltonians $H$ and continuous families of ovals $\delta(h)\subset\{H=h\}$, $h\in\Sigma$, such that the Abelian integral $I(h)$ can have at least $\frac32g]-1$ zeros in $\Sigma$. Our main result is Theorem 1 in which we show that when $g=2$, exceptional families of ovals $\{\delta(h)\}$ exist, such that the corresponding vector space is still Chebyshev.

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