Ultrasensitive laser spectroscopy for breath analysis |
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Authors: | J Wojtas Z Bielecki T Stacewicz J Mikołajczyk M Nowakowski |
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Institution: | (1) Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA;(2) Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA |
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Abstract: | At present there are many reasons for seeking new methods and technologies that aim to develop new and more perfect sensors
for different chemical compounds. However, the main reasons are safety ensuring and health care. In the paper, recent advances
in the human breath analysis by the use of different techniques are presented. We have selected non-invasive ones ensuring
detection of pathogenic changes at a molecular level. The presence of certain molecules in the human breath is used as an
indicator of a specific disease. Thus, the analysis of the human breath is very useful for health monitoring. We have shown
some examples of diseases’ biomarkers and various methods capable of detecting them. Described methods have been divided into
non-optical and optical methods. The former ones are the following: gas chromatography, flame ionization detection, mass spectrometry,
ion mobility spectrometry, proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. In recent
twenty years, the optical methods have become more popular, especially the laser techniques. They have a great potential for
detection and monitoring of the components in the gas phase. These methods are characterized by high sensitivity and good
selectivity. The spectroscopic sensors provide the opportunity to detect specific gases and to measure their concentration
either in a sampling place or a remote one. Multipass spectroscopy, cavity ring-down spectroscopy, and photo-acoustic spectroscopy
were characterised in the paper as well. |
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