2020年宁波市主养海水鱼流行病学调查与药敏试验

为了解宁波地区水产养殖品种病害发生情况, 本研究于2020年通过定期抽检与应急检测相结合方式, 开展了地区性的主要海水鱼流行病学调查工作. 从大黄鱼、小黄鱼、七星鲈鱼、银鲳等海水鱼上共分离到细菌19株, 主要菌株为哈维氏弧菌和美人鱼发光杆菌; 检测出病毒阳性26批次, 主要为传染性脾肾坏死病毒和真鲷虹彩病毒; 镜检观察到寄生虫2例, 分别为东方鱼虱和梅氏新本尼登虫. 药敏试验结果显示: 从鱼体分离得到的致病菌对盐酸多西环素、氟甲喹敏感2种药物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)普遍＜0.1 mg●L^-1, 因此其可作为优选药物进行细菌病的治疗. 另外发现在不同时间段, 大黄鱼上分离到的同种细菌对药物的敏感性并不一致. 药敏试验结果将有助于养殖户做到科学、精准用药, 同时也能为本地水产养殖动物病原菌的耐药性普查工作提供理论基础.

Epidemiology and drug sensitivity test of main aquaculture marine fish in Ningbo city in 2020

In order to understand the disease occurrence of aquaculture species in Ningbo city, this study carried out an epidemiological study about local main marine fish via regular sampling and emergency testing in 2020. A total of nineteen strains of bacteria were separated from Larimichthys crocea, Larimichthys polyactis, Lateolabrax japonicus, Pampus argenteus and other marine fish. The main strains were Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damselae. A total of twenty-six batches of viruses were tested positive. The vast majority of virus was infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus and Red sea bream iridovirus. Two cases of parasites were observed by microscope. They were Caligus orientalis Gussev and Neobenedenia melleni respectively. The results of drug susceptibility test showed that the majority of the pathogenic bacteria isolated from fish were sensitive to doxycycline hydrochloride and flumequine. The minimum inhibitory concentration of these two drugs was generally lower than 0.1 mg●L^-1, so they are suggested to be used as preferred drugs for the treatment of bacterial diseases. In addition, it showed that the susceptibility to drugs of the same bacteria isolated from Larimichthys crocea in different time was inconsistent. The results of drug susceptibility test will help fishermen to apply drug scientifically and accurately. At the same time, the results can provide theoretical basis for the general survey of drug susceptibility of pathogens in local aquaculture animals.