暂存和运输方式对野生三疣梭子蟹暂养的影响

三疣梭子蟹是我国重要的海产经济蟹类, 野生梭子蟹的暂养是一种高效利用梭子蟹自然资源的经济手段. 为探究适合野生三疣梭子蟹暂养的方法, 研究了野生三疣梭子蟹捕捞后不绑螯堆积式暂存(M1)、绑螯单个体式暂存(M2)两种暂存方式以及橡皮筋绑螯堆叠盛放于塑料筐中运输(T1)、不绑螯单个盛放于单体盒中运输(T2)两种运输方式分别对其暂养存活的影响, 并以超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)、血糖、皮质醇、热休克蛋白(HSP70)几种生理指标了解其生理响应特征. 结果显示: (1)不同暂存方式对野生三疣梭子蟹暂养的影响中, M2方式暂存的蟹暂养累积存活率为91.4%, 显著高于M1 (P<0.05), M1组蟹累积存活率为70.0%; 根据对M1、M2组蟹血淋巴中几种生理指标的检测, 引起两组蟹存活率差异的原因可能是M1暂存方式对蟹造成不可逆的损伤胁迫, 抗氧化及应激能力显著降低, 生理机能和免疫防御能力受损. (2)不同运输方式对野生三疣梭子蟹暂养的影响中, T2方式运输的蟹暂养累积存活率为41.5%, 略高于T1 (P>0.05), T1组蟹累积存活率为30.8%; 根据对T1、T2组的蟹血淋巴中几种生理指标的检测, 引起两组蟹存活率差异的原因可能是以T1方式运输的蟹受到挤压胁迫, 抗氧化及应激能力略低于T2. 综上分析, 以绑螯单个体式的暂存方式和不绑螯单个盛放于单体盒中的运输方式获取的野生三疣梭子蟹更适合暂养.

Effects of different temporary storage methods and transportation systems on temporary rearing of wild Portunus trituberculatus

Portunus trituberculatus is an important marine economic crab in China. The temporary rearing of wild P. trituberculatus is an economical method to efficiently use natural resources of crab. The study was aimed to explore the method suitable for the temporary rearing of wild P. trituberculatus. Two modes of the temporary storage were compared, including a group with stacked bodies and with the chela not being tied (M1) and a group with single body and with the chela being tied (M2). Two modes of transportation were also compared, including the group with rubber band tying the chela and stacked in the plastic basket (T1) and the group without rubber band tying the chela and contained in individual box (T2). The effects on their survival rate after rearing for a short period were investigated. And their physiological response characteristics were identified by using several physiological indicators including SOD, T-AOC, MDA, hemolymph glucose, cortisol, and HSP70. The results showed that: (a) In the impact of different temporary storage methods of wild crabs, the cumulative survival rate of crabs in M2 was 91.4%, significantly higher than that of M1 (P<0.05), and the survival rate in M1 was 70.0%. According to the detection of the several physiological indexes in crab hemolymph of M1 and M2 groups, the reason for the difference in survival rate between the two groups of crabs may be that the M1 produced damage stress to the crab. The antioxidant and stress capabilities were significantly reduced and the physiological functions and immune defense capabilities are impaired. (b) In the effect of different transportation systems of wild crab, the cumulative survival rate of crabs in T2 was 41.5% which was slightly higher than that in T1 group (P>0.05). The survival rate in T1 was 30.8%. According to the detection of the several physiological indexes in crab hemolymph of T1 and T2, the reason for the difference in the survival rate of the two groups of crabs may be that the crabs transported by T1 were subjected to crushing stress. The antioxidant and stress resistance were slightly lower than T2. In conclusion, the wild P. trituberculatus obtained by the temporary storage method of single body with the chela being tied and the transportation method of not tying the chela and contained in individual boxes is more suitable for rearing.