非洲山毛豆种子的物理特征、成分分析与油脂组成的研究

 以非洲山毛豆Tephrosia vogelii Hook f.种子为材料，分析其部分物理特征和常量化学成分，并通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）和液相色谱 电喷雾离子源 离子阱质谱技术（LC MSD-Trap-XCT）测定其油脂的脂肪酸与甘油酯组成，并对油脂进行营养评价。实验结果：种子的长、宽、厚分别为4.63、4.01、1.92 mm，千粒质量为21.52 g， 密度为659.8 g/L, 自流角为25.89°, 静止角为23.15°。各组成的质量分数为：水分及挥发物9.89%，粗脂肪13.33%，粗蛋白38.73%，碳水化合物33.21%（可溶性糖10.54%，淀粉10.76%，粗纤维11.91%），灰分4.84%。山毛豆种子油脂的酸价为2.7 mg/g，过氧化值为1.17 mmol/kg，皂化价为188 mg/g，碘价为每100 g 样品吸收I₂量为118 g，密度为859.9 g/L，折光系数为1.464 8。油脂各组成的体积分数为：十四酸0.15%，十五酸0.031%，十六酸（棕榈酸）18.68%，十六碳一烯酸0.023%，十七酸0.12%，十八酸(硬脂酸)6.46%，油酸19.26%，亚油酸38.76%，亚麻酸8.38%，二十酸1.90%，二十碳一烯酸0.52%，二十一酸0.12%，二十二酸4.09%，二十三酸0.16%，二十四酸1.35%。不饱和脂肪酸含量66.94%。干燥后的油脂含有各组成的质量分数为：脂肪酸单甘油酯0.132%，脂肪酸双甘油酯0.180%，脂肪酸三甘油酯99.687%。山毛豆种子的脂肪和蛋白质的质量分数较高，其油脂的各项指标均符合中国和其他国家食用大豆油标准（GB /T1535 2003；Codex-Stan 210），且富含人体必需的亚油酸和亚麻酸。

Analysis of Physical Characteristics, Composition of Tephrosia vogelii Hook f.Seeds and its Oil Component

The physical characteristics and chemical macro components of Tephrosia vogelii Hook f. seeds were analyzed. The constitutes of fatty acid and glyceride in oil were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy（GC-MS）and the technology of liquid chromatography mass equipped with selective detector of electrospray ionization anionic trap (LC-MSD-Trap-XCT). The nutritional evaluation about oil was evaluated. The result showed that the size of seeds was 4.63 mm×4.01 mm×1.92 mm, 1 000 grain weight 1.52 g, soil bulk density was 659.8 g/L, the angle of automatic flow was 25.89°, the angle of repose was 23.15°, mass fraction of water and volatile matter was 9.89%, crude fat was 13.47%, crude protein was 38.73%, carbohydrate was 33.21% (soluble sugar 10.54%, starch 10.76%, crude fiber 11.91%), ash 4.84% Acid value, peroxide value, saponification value, iodine value, density and refraction coefficient of oil of Tephrosia vogelii Hook f.seeds were 2.7 mg/g, 1.17 mmol/kg, 188 mg/g, 1.18 g/g, 0.859 9 g/mL, 1.464 8, respectively Fatty acid ingredients were as following(w/%): Tetradecanoic acid was 0.15%，pentadecanoic acid 0.031%, hexdecanoic acid (palmitic acid) 18.68%，hexadecenoic acid 0.023%，heptanoic acid 0.12%，stearic acid 6.46%，oleic acid 19.26%，linoleic acid 38.76%，linolenic acid 8.38%，eicosanoic acid 1.90%，eicosenoic acid 0.52%，heneicosanoic acid 0.12%，docosanoic acid 4.09%，tricosanoic acid 0.16%, tetracosanoic acid 1.35%, furthermore, amount of unsaturated fatty acid was 66.94% Monoglyceride esters of fatty acid content were 0.11% diglyceride of fatty acid 0.180%, triglyceride of fatty acid 99.687% in dried oil. Tephrosia vogelii Hook f. seeds whose indexes were all accorded with Chinese and other countries’edible soybean oil standard (GB/T1535 2003, Codex-Stan 210) contained high amount of fat and protein and were rich with human essential linoleic acid and linolenic acid.