Ground- and excited-state double proton transfer in lumichrome/acetic acid system: theoretical and experimental approach

Experimental time-resolved spectral and photon counting kinetic results confirm formation of an isoalloxazinic excited state via excited-state double proton transfer (ESDPT) catalyzed by a carboxylic acid molecule that forms a hydrogen-bond complex with the parent alloxazine molecule. This isoalloxazinic tautomer manifests itself as a distinct long-lived emissive species formed only in such alloxazine derivatives that were not substituted at the N1 nitrogen atom, being a product of the excited-state reaction occurring from the alloxazinic excited state. Theoretical calculations support the idea that the ESDPT occurs by the concerted mechanism. The calculated activation barrier in the excited state is much lower than the same barrier in the ground state and even disappears for the HOMO-1 to LUMO excitation, which explains the fact that the reaction takes place in the excited-state only. The reaction rate estimated from the emission kinetics is ca. 1.4 x 10(8) dm3 mol(-1) s(-1) in ethanolic solutions of lumichrome with added acetic acid.