N,N′-bridged binuclear NHC palladium complexes: A combined experimental catalytic and computational study for the Suzuki reaction |
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| Authors: | Ming-Tsz Chen Bing-Yan Hsieh Yi-Hung Liu Kuo-Hui Wu Natália Lussari Ataualpa AC Braga |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Taichung, 43301 Taiwan;2. Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;3. Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000 Brazil |
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| Abstract: | This work examines how N-donor bridged spacer ligands affect N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) palladium complexes catalytic activities for Suzuki coupling reaction. Different degrees of structural flexibility binuclear NHC palladium complexes were synthesized. The more flexible nitrogen-based alkyl chain ligand shows similar performance with cycloamine counterparts in the Suzuki coupling reaction. Suzuki coupling examples were used in air and ambient temperature to reach moderate to completion yields in short time. Density functional theory calculations showed that the chelate effect, associated with a single Pd complex mechanism, plays a fundamental role in the pre-catalysis stage, supporting a reasonable of the kinetic activity observed experimentally. |
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| Keywords: | binuclear NHC–palladium complexes density functional theory (DFT) N-donor pre-catalysis Suzuki–Miyaura reaction |
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