Nickel Poisoning of a Cracking Catalyst Unravelled by Single-Particle X-ray Fluorescence-Diffraction-Absorption Tomography |
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Authors: | Dr. Marianna Gambino Dr. Martin Veselý Dr. Matthias Filez Dr. Ramon Oord Dr. Dario Ferreira Sanchez Dr. Daniel Grolimund Dr. Nikolai Nesterenko Dr. Delphine Minoux Marianne Maquet Dr. Florian Meirer Prof. Dr. Bert M. Weckhuysen |
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Affiliation: | 1. Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland;3. Total Research and Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, 7181 Seneffe, Belgium;4. Total Research and Technology Gonfreville, Zone Industrielle Carrefour No 4, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France |
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Abstract: | Ni contamination from crude oil in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process is one of the primary sources of catalyst deactivation, thereby promoting dehydrogenation–hydrogenation and speeding up coke growth. Herein, single-particle X-ray fluorescence, diffraction and absorption (μXRF-μXRD-μXAS) tomography is used in combination with confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) after thiophene staining to spatially resolve Ni interaction with catalyst components and study zeolite degradation, including the processes of dealumination and Brønsted acid sites distribution changes. The comparison between a Ni-lean particle, exposed to hydrotreated feedstock, and a Ni-rich one, exposed to non-hydrotreated feedstock, reveals a preferential interaction of Ni, found in co-localization with Fe, with the γ-Al2O3 matrix, leading to the formation of spinel-type hotspots. Although both particles show similar surface zeolite degradation, the Ni-rich particle displays higher dealumination and a clear Brønsted acidity drop. |
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Keywords: | Katalysatordeaktivierung Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Heterogene Katalyse Röntgenmikroskopie Zeolithe |
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