Dependence of Gordon-Haus timing jitter on the ratio of the forward and backward pump powers

The Gordon-Haus timing jitter of optical pulses in dispersion-managed communication systems with distributed amplification is studied. The jitter penalty for equal forward and backward pump powers and a pump spacing of 100 km is almost 9 dB lower than the jitter penalty for lumped amplification and an amplifier spacing of 100 km.