Effects of NAC and Gallic Acid on the Proliferation Inhibition and Induced Death of Lung Cancer Cells with Different Antioxidant Capacities |
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Authors: | Chen-Yi Liao Ting-Chien Wu Shun-Fa Yang Jinghua Tsai Chang |
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Institution: | 1.Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 110 Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung 40203, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (T.-C.W.); (S.-F.Y.);2.CSMU Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, 110 Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung 40203, Taiwan;3.Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 110 Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung 40203, Taiwan |
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Abstract: | N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a recognized antioxidant in culture studies and treatments for oxidative stress-related diseases, but in some cases, NAC is a pro-oxidant. To study the effect of NAC on cell proliferation in the presence or absence of ROS stress, we used the stable ROS generator gallic acid (GA) to treat CL1-0 lung cancer cell models with different antioxidant activities. Different antioxidant activities were achieved through the ectopic expression of different PERP-428 single nucleotide polymorphisms. GA increased ROS levels in CL1-0/PERP-428C cells and caused cell death but had no effect on CL1-0/PERP-428G cells within 24 h. We found that 0.1 mM NAC eliminated GA-induced growth inhibition, but 0.5 mM NAC enhanced GA-induced CL1-0/PERP-428C cell death. However, in the absence of GA, NAC exceeding 2 mM inhibited the growth of CL1-0/PERP-428G cells more significantly than that of CL1-0/PERP-428C cells. Without GA, NAC has an antioxidant effect. Under GA-induced ROS stress, NAC may have pro-oxidant effects. Each cell type has a unique range of ROS levels for survival. The levels of ROS in the cell determines the sensitivity of the cell to an antioxidant or pro-oxidant. Cells with different antioxidant capacities were used to show that the intracellular ROS level affects NAC function and provides valuable information for the adjuvant clinical application of NAC. |
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Keywords: | PERP-428 SNP N-acetylcysteine gallic acid oxidative stress antioxidant pro-oxidant cell survival |
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