Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Based Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Sennoside A,Sennoside B,Aloe-Emodin,Emodin, and Chrysophanol from Senna alexandrina (Aerial Parts): HPLC-UV and Antioxidant Analysis |
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Authors: | Perwez Alam Omar M. Noman Rashed N. Herqash Omer M. Almarfadi Ali Akhtar Ali S. Alqahtani |
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Affiliation: | 1.Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (O.M.N.); (R.N.H.); (O.M.A.);2.College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; |
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Abstract: | In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were optimized to maximize the yields of sennoside A, sennoside B, aloe-emodin, emodin, and chrysophanol from S. alexandrina (aerial parts). The three UAE factors, extraction temperature (S1), extraction time (S2), and liquid to solid ratio (S3), were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A Box–Behnken design was used for experimental design and phytoconstituent analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-UV. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be a 64.2 °C extraction temperature, 52.1 min extraction time, and 25.2 mL/g liquid to solid ratio. The experimental values of sennoside A, sennoside B, aloe-emodin, emodin, and chrysophanol (2.237, 12.792, 2.457, 0.261, and 1.529%, respectively) agreed with those predicted (2.152, 12.031, 2.331, 0.214, and 1.411%, respectively) by RSM models, thus demonstrating the appropriateness of the model used and the accomplishment of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions. Excellent antioxidant properties were exhibited by S. alexandrina methanol extract obtained using the optimized extraction conditions with a DPPH assay (IC50 = 59.7 ± 1.93, µg/mL) and ABTS method (47.2 ± 1.40, µg/mL) compared to standard ascorbic acid. |
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Keywords: | Box– Behnken design, S. alexandrina, sennoside A, sennoside B, aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol, HPLC analysis, antioxidant analysis |
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