Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanowires and electrochemical lithium intercalation into the nanocrystals

Single-crystal nanowires of hexagonal tungsten trioxide in a large scale have been successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal method without any templates and catalysts. Uniform h-WO₃ nanowires with diameter of 25-50 nm and length of up to several micrometers are obtained. It is found that the morphology and crystal form of the final products are strongly dependent on the amount of the sulfate and pH value of the reaction system. The electrochemical performances of the as-prepared h-WO₃ nanowires as anodic materials of Li-ion batteries have also been investigated. It deliveres a discharge capacity of 218 mAh g⁻¹ for the first cycle. In addition, the cycle ability of the nanocrystals is superior to that of bulk materials, which implies the morphology and particle size have the influence on the electrochemical performances.