聚氨酯/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液粒子热力学平衡形态预测

以水性聚氨酯分散液为种子采用无皂乳液聚合新技术合成出了具有核壳结构的聚氨酯/聚丙烯酸酯（PU/PA）复合聚合物乳液。采用界面张力简化计算方法计算了聚合物与聚合物之间以及聚合物和水之间的界面张力，通过界面自由能变化最小的热力学判据对合成的复合乳液粒子的热力学平衡形态进行了预测。并利用透射电子显微镜观察和用接触角法测定的膜的表面极性对其进行了证实。结果表明：界面自由能变化的最小判据可以推广到PU/PA 体系，本文给出的界面张力的简化计算方法是可行的。

Thermodynamic Equilibrium Morphology Prediction of Polyurethane/Polyacrylate Composite Latex Particles

Composite particles were prepared by seeded surfactant‐free batch emulsion polymerization at 80 °C using K₂S₂O₈ as an initiator, and polyurethane aqueous dispersion as seed particles. The acrylate monomers were continuously added into the reactor under a starving condition in the second stage polymerization. The synthesized hybrid emulsions were found to form an inverted core‐shell structure with polyacrylate as the core and with polyurethane as the shell from the observation with a transmission electron microscope. The interfacial tensions between polymer and polymer as well as polymer and water were calculated with a simple method according to harmonic mean equation and used in a mathematical model based on the minimum interfacial energy change principle to predict the equilibrium morphology. The observed particle morphologies were in good agreement with the predicted ones. The surface properties of the dried films formed from polyurethane (PU)/polyacrylate (PA) composite emulsions were also studied by contact angle measurements, showing that the shell part of the composite emulsions is preferentially oriented toward the surface layers of the dried films.