Superdiffusion and encounter rates in diluted,low dimensional worlds |
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Authors: | F Bartumeus P Fernández M GE da Luz J Catalan R V Solé S A Levin |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Princeton Environmental Institute,Princeton,USA;2.Departament de Llenguatges i Sistemes Informàtics,Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya,Barcelona,Spain;3.Departamento de Fisica,Universidade Federal do Parana,Curitiba-PR,Brazil;4.Centre d'Estudis Avan?ats de Blanes (CEAB),Girona,Spain;5.ICREA-Complex Systems Research Laboratory, Universitat Pompeu Fabra C/Dr. Aiguader 80,Barcelona,Spain |
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Abstract: | Rate limitation due to encounters is fundamental to many ecological
interactions. Since encounter rate governs reaction rates, and thus,
dynamics of systems, it deserves systematic study. In classical
population biology, ecological dynamics rely on the assumption of
perfectly mixed interacting entities (e.g., individuals, populations,
etc.) in a spaceless world. The so-called mean field assumption
assumes that encounter rates are driven exclusively by changes in the
density of the interacting entities and not on how they are
distributed or move in space. Therefore, the mean field assumption
does not give any insight into relevant spatiotemporal statistical
properties produced by the trajectories of moving entities through
space. In the present study, we develop spatially explicit
simulations of random walking particles (i.e., Lévy walkers) to
evaluate encounter rate constraints beyond the mean field
assumption. We show that encounter rate fluctuations are driven not
only by physical aspects such as the size or the velocity of the
interacting particles, but also by different motion patterns. In
particular, superdiffusion phenomena might be relevant at low
densities and/or low spatial dimensionality. Finally, we discuss
potential adaptive responses of living organisms that may allow
individuals to control how they diffuse through space and/or the
spatial dimensions employed in the exploration process. |
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