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Studies on the Anode/Electrolyte Interfacein Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors:Martin Winter  Wolfgang K. Appel  Bernd Evers  Tomásě Hodal  Kai-Christian Möller  Ingo Schneider  Mario Wachtler  Markus R. Wagner  Gerhard H. Wrodnigg  Jürgen O. Besenhard
Affiliation:(1)  Institute for Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria, AT;(2)  Aventis Research and Technologies GmbH & Co KG (former Hoechst Research and Technology Deutschland), Operative Research, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, DE
Abstract:Summary.  Rechargeable lithium ion cells operate at voltages of 3.5–4.5 V, which is far beyond the thermodynamic stability window of the battery electrolyte. Strong electrolyte reduction and anode corrosion has to be anticipated, leading to irreversible loss of electroactive material and electrolyte and thus strongly deteriorating cell performance. To minimize these reactions, anode and electrolyte components have to be combined that induce the electrolyte reduction products to form an effectively protecting film at the anode/electrolyte interface, which hinders further electrolyte decomposition reactions, but acts as membrane for the lithium cations, i.e. behaving as a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This paper focuses on important aspects of the SEI. By using key examples, the effects of film forming electrolyte additives and the change of the active anode material from carbons to lithium storage alloys are highlighted. Received May 30, 2000. Accepted June 14, 2000
Keywords:.   Anode   Graphite   Lithium alloy   Lithium ion battery   Solid electrolyte interphase.
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