单金纳米棒远场散射光谱技术

单金纳米棒(gold nanorod AuNR)的远场光学技术在近几年引起了相当大的关注。由于金纳米棒(AuNRs)独特的局部表面等离子体共振(localized surface plasmon resonance LSPR)特性，金纳米棒颗粒非常适合高度传导定域在表面的化学或物理刺激产生的光信号。根据该课题组的研究经验，对AuNR的光学探测和光谱学方法的原理、应用、进展和纳米系统表现出新奇的光学特性进行了综述。较为全面地介绍了：(1)AuNR散射光谱相关的各类技术，包括：暗场技术，零差和外差技术，光子晶体技术，空间调制和偏振调制技术等;(2)AuNR散射光谱特性，包括：光谱线形函数，线宽，衬底对光谱的影响以及理论和实验光谱的对比等;(3)相关光谱技术近年来的发展。重点研究了基于LSPR的远场光学散射方法。主要是基于AuNR线性的方法，如直接和间接的散射检测方法。注重强调了介质环境(如底物，表面结合的分子或其他纳米材料等)的重要性以及对散射光谱和消光幅度的影响。特别注重的是AuNR表面及形貌的定量方法及其相关性研究，无论是直接的还是间接的散射的方法，大都给出实验与理论模型精确的比较。这些实验和理论工具的结合可以详细解释单金纳米棒的光学性质。

Research Progress of Far Field Light Scattering Spectra of Single Gold Nanorods

The far-field optical technology of single gold-nanorod(AuNR)has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. Because of special local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)property,AuNR particles have high conductivity of optical signals lo-calized on the surface from physical or chemical irritants.The mechanism,application,progress and novel optical characteristics of AuNRs in optical detection and spectroscopy method are being reviewed in our work.The paper describes an overall introduc-tion as follows:(1 )various related technologies on AuNR scattered spectrum,including dark-field technology,homodyne and heterodyne technology,photonic crystal technology,spatial modulation,polarization modulation technology,etc;(2)the proper-ties of AuNR scattered spectrum,including spectral line-shape functions,effects of line-width and substrate,comparison of the-oretical and experimental spectrums,etc;(3)the development of related spectrum technologies in recent years.The paper focu-ses on the method of far-field optical scattering based on LSPR and mainly discusses the linear method based on AuNRs,such as direct and indirect scattering detection method.We also put emphasis upon studying the importance of medium environment (for example,substrate,the molecules combined on surface and other nanomaterials)and the influence on scattered spectrum and the extinction rate.Of particular note is the quantitative method and correlation studies of AuNR’s surface and morphology,and its character is that most of the methods are compared with theoretical model and experiments in terms of accuracy.The combina-tion of the experiments and theoretical tools can be used to explain the optical properties of single gold-nanorod particle in detail.